冬小麦—夏玉米两熟制周年决策支持系统
赵巧丽
冬小麦—夏玉米两熟制周年决策支持系统
卵泡期摘 要
作物生长模拟模型与决策支持系统的研究与应用对于农业生产的信息化和数字化具有重要的理论与实践意义。经过数十年的研究与发展，目前已经有数以百计的作物生长模拟模型，但是绝大部分生长模拟模型只考虑单季作物，较少考虑前茬后茬的影响，实际应用尚显不足。本研究以我国北方地区冬小麦夏玉米一年两熟种植模式为研究对象，建立了冬小麦—夏玉米周年管理决策支持系统，对于提高模型的实用性和实现该地区的农业信息化等都具有重要意义。
获得的主要结果如下:
2.研究了不同土壤水分条件下气温和土壤温度的关系。同一深度土壤含水量越低，土壤温度受气温影响越明显，且随着土壤深度的增加，同一深度土壤在不同水分条件下的土壤温度间的差异逐渐减小。求取0~10cm我国少儿人口比重回升和0~15cm土壤温度平均值，分别与气温进行回归分析，结果表明，55%~65%、65%~75%未成熟的小麦制作美食食谱有哪些品种和75%~85% 三个土壤水分水平下0~10cm土壤平均温度与气温的回归确定系数均达到0.8以上，两者间具有较好的相关性，通过气温预测0~10cm土壤平均温度可行。
3.适时套播是套播玉米成功的关键条件之一。玉米出苗前主要受土壤温度和土壤湿度的影响，根据土壤温度和土壤湿度建立的玉米播种到出苗模型，机理性强，对准确模拟套播条件下玉米出苗期具有重要意义。通过土壤湿度和气温预测的土壤温度对玉米播种到出苗进行模拟，结果表明，模型可以准确模拟玉米出苗期。根据冬小麦收获时间及此时玉米达到3叶期的要求，逆推即可以得到玉米的适宜套播日期。
4.在冬小麦夏玉米生长发育模拟模型基础上，耦合土壤水分平衡模型，根据作物的播种和收获时间调用下一季水分模拟所需的作物参数，实现冬小麦夏玉米土壤水分的一体化模拟。在以上基础上建立的冬小麦—夏玉米周年决策支持系统，进一步增强了模型的实用性。系统由
模型库、数据库、模型字典、人机接口和用户界面五部分组成，具有数据管理、品种参数调整、品种选择、常年决策、当年决策等功能。
利用大田实测套播、直播条件下冬小麦夏玉米生长发育数据对系统进行测试，结果表明：冬小麦—夏玉米周年决策支持系统可以较好的模拟冬小麦夏玉米套播、直播两种种植方式下的生长发育。
关键词：冬小麦；夏玉米；品种选择；生育期模拟；决策支持系统
STUDY ON ANNUAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WINTER WHEAT AND SUMMER MAIZE
ABSTRACT
The research and application of crop growth simulation model and decision support system would have an important theoretical and practical significance for facilitating development of informational and digital agriculture. After decades of research and development, hundreds of crop growth simulation models have been constructed up to now. But the vast
majority of growth simulation models only considered the influence of single crop, with little consideration of the impact of the former crop on growing crop and the growing crop on the succeeding crop, so it is still inadequate for practical application. This study took the planting pattern of winter wheat and summer maize continuous cropping system in northern China as subject, and established the winter wheat and summer maize annual management decision support system which is significant for improving the practicality of model and promoting informational agricultural production and so on.
The main results are as follows:
1. The cropping pattern of winter wheat and summer maize was selected and corresponding variety selection was decided according to annual active accumulated temperature, number of days available for maize growing and developing and the temperature requirement for maize completing the normal growth and development.
2. The relation between air temperature and soil temperature under different soil moisture conditions was studied. At the same soil depth,吃后出血 the lower the soil moisture, the more the so
il temperature was impacted by air temperature. The difference among the soil temperatures under different soil moisture at the same depth soil decreased with the increase of soil depth. It was analyzed respectively that the relation between soil temperature(0~10cm, 0~15cm) and air temperature. The results showed that soil temperature (0~10cm) had good relation with air temperature. The regression decision coefficients of soil temperature(0~10cm) under different soil moisture treatments which were 55% ~65%, 65% ~75% and 75% ~85% and air temperature all reached more than 0.8. It is feasible that air temperature forecasted soil temperature(0~10cm).
3. Optimum seeding time is one of the key conditions for the success of wheat interplanting of corn. Before emergence the growth of corn is mainly controlled by soil temperature and soil moisture. The model established according to soil temperature and soil moisture to simulating corn from sowing to emerging is mechanism, which is significant for simulating accurately emergence stage of intercropping corn. Simulating corn from sowing to emerging by soil moisture and soil temperature forecasted, the results showed that the model can simulate accurately corn emergence stage. The suitable intercropping sowing d
糖果视频社区ate can be achieved by backstepping against model according to wheat harvest time and corn being three leaf ages.
4. Coupling water balance model with the growth and development simulation model of wheat and maize, the parameters needed for simulating soil moisture of succeeding season crop can be called according to the sowing time and harvest time of crop, realizing integral simulation of soil moisture, which lays the foundation for the water integrated management. Finally, the winter wheat and summer maize annual decision support system was constructed based on above research work,二年级语文上册 further increasing the practicality of the model. The system includes five parts: model base, database, model dictionary, man-machine interface and user interface with the function of data management, adjustment of parameters, variety selection, normal decision-making, current decision-making and so on.
发布评论