jj图目录
摘要 ................................................................................................................................................. III 引言 (1)
一、本案案情 (3)
（一）案件背景 (3)
（二）本案发展始末 (4)
（三）本案的争议焦点 (5)
（一）一般禁止措施是否符合GA TT1994第XI:1条款 (8)
（二）“正面清单”要求是否符合GA TT1994 第XI:1条款 (11)
（三）预期用途要求是否符合GA TT1994 第XI:1条款 (14)
（四）进口许可要求是否符合GA TT1994 第XI:1条款 (17)
（五）直接运输要求是否符合GA TT1994第XI:1条款 (19)
（六）评析 (21)
三、两项争议措施是否符合GATT1994第III:4条款 (27)
（一）预期用途要求是否符合GA TT1994第III:4条款 (27)
（二）清真标签要求是否符合GA TT1994第III:4条款 (30)
（三）评析 (32)
四、不当迟延批准兽医健康证书是否符合《SPS协定》相关条款 (35)儿子你爹是哪个
（一）不当迟延批准兽医健康证书是否符合《SPS协定》第8条和附件C (35)
（二）评析 (38)
五、本案对中国的启示 (41)
（一）对中国参与WTO争端解决的启示 (41)
（二）对中国参与国际贸易的启示 (44)
结语 (49)孕妇冬装
参考文献 (51)
致谢 (55)
WTO巴西诉印度尼西亚进口鸡肉和鸡肉产品措施案研究
摘要
2014年10月巴西向WTO争端解决组织提起了与印尼进行磋商的请求，认为印尼农业部和贸易部颁布的一系列规章中确定的措施对巴西向印尼出口鸡肉和鸡肉产品产生了限制和禁止影响，请求专家组裁决相关措施不符合WTO涵盖协定相关条款规定，随后中国也作为第三方加入了该磋商，2017年10月专家组向各成员方散发了专家组报告，印尼表示接受专家组的裁决建议对相关措施进行调整和修改，并不再进行上诉。研究本案，有助于中国深入理解专家组关于WTO涵盖协定相关条款的最新解释，广泛获悉有关禽肉国际贸易的政策信息，不断积累国际贸易争端诉讼经验，对于中国参与国际贸易、解决国际贸易争
端具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。本文采用规范分析法和实证分析法，综合申诉方巴西、被申诉方印尼和第三方的观点以及专家组的裁决，对印尼相关涉案措施与WTO涵盖协定相关条款的相符性进行了深入分析。
本文由五个主体部分构成。
第一部分“本案案情”，阐述了本案的背景和发展始末，指出本案的争议焦点为相关涉案措施与GATT1994第XI:1条款、GATT1994第III:4条款、《SPS协定》第8条和附件C的相符性问题。
第二部分“五项争议措施是否符合GATT1994第XI:1条款”，分别阐述了申诉方、被申诉方、第三方在五项争议措施方面的观点和专家组的裁决，分析了“正面清单”要求、预期用途要求、进口许可要求为何均不符合GATT1994第XI:1条款，但巴西未能证明一般禁止措施、直接运输要求不符合GATT1994第XI:1条款，指出了印尼在边境措施方面存在的问题，提出了在WTO国际贸易争端中证明某项争议措施是否符合GATT1994第XI:1条款时需要注意的程序和实体问题。
第三部分“两项争议措施是否符合GATT1994第III:4条款款，阐述了申诉方、被申诉方、第三方在此两项争议措施方面的观点和专家组的裁决，分析了预期用途要求在执行条款即分销计划和分销报告方面不符合GATT1994第III:4条款，但巴西未能证明预期用途在冷藏要求方面不符合GATT1994第III:4条款，巴西也未能证明清真标签要求不符合GATT1994第III:4条款，指出了印尼在国内行政措施
方面存在的问题，提出了在WTO国际贸易争端中证明某项争议措施是否符合GATT1994第条款时III:4条款时需要注意的程序和实体问题。
第四部分“不当延迟批准兽医健康证书是否符合《SPS协定》有关条款”，阐述了申诉方、被申诉方、第三方在此措施方面的观点和专家组的裁决，分析了印尼过度延迟批准兽医健康证书不符合《SPS协定》第8条和附件C，指出了印尼在SPS程序方面存在的问题，提出了在国际贸易中如何遵守《SPS协定》的问题。
第五部分“本案对中国的启示”，分析了本案对中国参与国际贸易及其政府间争端解决的理论和实践指导意义，指出了中国目前在禽肉进出口领域的优势和不足，提出了中国应对国际禽肉贸易的非关税壁垒的主要措施。
本文的主要结论是：
1.中国宜深入了解和掌握专家组关于GATT1994第XI:1条款，GATT第III:4条款以及《SPS协定》第8条的解释。
2.中国宜掌握和充分运用专家组的审查范围规则，证据规则以及司法经济原则等WTO争端解决程序规则。
3.中国中央主管部门宜定期审查现行有关法律规章的WTO义务相符性。
4.中国宜建立专门的WTO非关税措施研究和管理机构。
5.中国应制定一部专门针对禽肉进出口的法律法规，并不断完善现有禽肉相关法律法规。
6.中国宜建立有效的禽肉产品安全监管制度。
关键词：WTO；DS484；鸡肉与鸡肉产品；数量限制；非关税措施
II
节育环的种类Study on the WTO Case of Indonesia—Measures Concerning the Importation of Chicken Meat and Chicken Products
Abstract
In October 2014, Brazil submitted a request to WTO Dispute Settlement Body for consultation with Indonesia, believing that the measures identified in a series of regulations issued by Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Trade of Indonesia have restricted and prohibited Brazil's exportation of chi
cken and chicken products to Indonesia market. Brazil requested panel to find that the relevant measures are not consistent with relevant provisions of WTO covered agreements. China thereafter joined the consultation as a third party. The panel report was issued and circulated to members in October 2017. Indonesia accepted the findings and recommendation of the panel and promised to modify the relevant measures, would not appeal. The study of this case will help China to understand the latest interpretation of the relevant provisions of the WTO covered agreements, learn the policy information about poultry international trade , and accumulate the litigation experience of international trade disputes. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for China to participate in international trade and solve international disputes. In this paper, normative analysis and empirical analysis are used to analyze the consistency between the relevant measures in Indonesia and the relevant provisions of the WTO covered agreements.印度美食鸡肉食谱大全
This paper is consisted of five main parts:
The first part "Basic Information of the Case" summarizes the background and development of the case, and points out that the disputes of the case focus on whether the relevant measures are consistent with Article XI:1 of GATT 1994, Article III:4 of GATT 1994, Article 8 of SPS Agreement and Annex C.
The second part "Whether the Relevant Measures of the Case are Consistent with Article XI:1 of GATT 1994" lists the opinions of the complainant, the respondent, the third parties and the findings of the panel, analyzes how "positive list", intended use and import licensing requirement are not consistent with article XI:1 of GATT 1994, but Brazil fails to prove that the general prohibition measures and direct transportation requirement do not comply with article XI:1 of GATT 1994, points out the problems
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existing in Indonesia's border measures, and puts forward the procedural and substantive issues which need to be paid attention to when proving whether a measure is consistent with article XI:1 of GATT 1994 in the international disputes of WTO.
The third part "Whether the Relevant Measures of the Case are Consistent with Article III:4 of GATT 1994 " lists the opinions of the complainant, the respondent and the third parties as well as the findings of the panel, analyzes that the intended use requirement is not consistent with article III:4 of GATT 1994 in terms of the implementation provisions, i.e. the distribution plan and the distribution report, but Brazil fails to prove that the intended use is not consistent with article III:4 of GATT 1994 in
terms of the refrigeration requirements, and Brazil fails to prove that the halal labelling requirement is not consistent with article III:4 of GATT 1994 , points out the problems existing in Indonesia's domestic administrative measures, and puts forward the procedural and substantive issues that need to be paid attention to when proving whether a measure is consistent with article III:4 of GATT 1994 in the international disputes of WTO.
The fourth part "Whether the Relevant Measure of the Case are Consistent with Article 8 and Annex C of SPS Agreement" analyzes that Indonesia's excessive delay in the approval of veterinary health certificate does not conform to Article 8 and Annex C of SPS agreement by listing the views of the complainant, the respondent and the third parties as well as the findings of the panel, points out the problems existing in Indonesia's SPS procedures, and puts forward the following issues in international trade: How to abide by SPS agreement.
The fifth part "the Enlightenment to China" analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of this case to China's participation in international trade and settlement in international disputes, points out China's advantages and disadvantages in the field of poultry importation and exportation, and puts forward the measures China deal with non-tariff barriers in international poultry trade.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1.China shall have in-depth understanding and mastery of the panel's interpretation of Article XI:1 of GATT 1994, Article III:4 of GATT1994 and Article 8 of SPS agreement.
IV
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