必修三unit4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇讲练一、重点单词
theory n.理论
deadly adj. 致命的，十足的survival n. 生存，生存者province n. 省份
亲弟恋acquire v. 获得
broad adj. 广泛的，宽阔的
intend v. 想要，计划
recipe n.秘诀，食谱
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herb n. 草药
promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的redesign v.重新设计
damage v./n. 损害，伤害
trial n. 试验，审讯
limited adj. 有限的
household adj.家庭的，家用的container n. 集装箱，容器postpone v. 延迟
sufficient adj.足够的
data n. 数据
pure adj.纯净的，纯真的
wisdom n.智慧
beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的quality n.质量，品质significance n.重要性strength n.优点，力气
conduct v.组织，实施illustrate v.说明，加插图于bacteria n.细菌
publish v.出版
observe v.观察到，注意到surround v.围绕，环绕indicate v.表面，暗示intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的experienced adj. 有经验的determination n.决定，决心favor v.偏袒，较喜欢politician n.政客
lightning n.闪电thunderstorm n.雷雨
string n. 细绳v.用线串charge v. 充电，收费，指控chairperson n.主席，会长decorate v.装饰，装潢
solar adj.太阳的
represent v.意味着，代表involved adj. 参与，卷入moral adj. 道德的
intellectual adj.有才智的
ignorance n.无知freedom n.自由authority n，权威，官方recognize v.意识到，辨别permit v.准许，允许declare v.宣称，宣布nationality n.国籍evolution n.发展，进化explore v.探索
二、重点短语
in theory 理论上
die of/ from 死于
cure for ...的治愈方法
refer to 提到，查阅
cause damage to 损害/破坏...
on trial 试用，受审
speed up （使）加速
pay off成功，达到目的
draw on 凭借，利用
be beneficial to 对...有益
strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势conduct research 实施研究
be widely considered to be 被广泛认为是... in history 在历史上
treat wounds 伤口
catch the attention of引起...的注意
mass production 批量生产
牛津美食食谱far from the truth 远非事实
electric shock电击
generation to come子孙后代
fit together 拼在一起
put forward 提出
driving force驱动力，推动力take an interest in 对...感兴趣with a bang很成功，有强烈影响show off 显示，炫耀
get a taste of 体验，尝试
due to 由于，因为
move smoothly 进展顺利at risk 使...处于危险下
Put another way 换句话说
devote oneself to 致力于
to the credit of 归功于...
take it for granted 认为...使理所当然的leave room for 给...留空间
be surrounded by 被...环绕
二、词汇拓展
1.theory n.理论adj.理论的
2.survive v.幸存n.幸存者n.幸存
3.acquire v.获得n.获得
4.intend v.打算，想要n.意图，目的
5.limit v./n.限制adj.有限的
7.pure adj.纯净的v.纯化n.纯净
8.wise adj.明智的adv.明智地n.智慧
9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益adj.有益的
10.quality n.品质，质量v.(使)有资格adj.有资格的
11.ignore v.忽视n.无知adj.无知的adj.被忽视的
辨认，意识到n.辨认，识别
13.significance n.重要性adj.重要的
14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的n.力气v.强化
15.decorate v.装饰，装潢n.装饰，装潢
16.permit v.允许n.允许
17.surround v.环绕n.环境adj. 被环绕的adj.周围的，附近的
【参考答案】
1.theory n.理论theoretical adj.理论的
2.survive v.幸存survivor n.幸存者survival n.幸存
3.acquire v.获得acquisition n.获得
4.intend v.打算，想要intention n.意图，目的
5.limit v./n.限制limited adj.有限的
7.pure adj.纯净的purify v.纯化purity n.纯净
8.wise adj.明智的wisely adv.明智地wisdom n.智慧
9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益beneficial adj.有益的
10.quality n.品质，质量qualify v.(使)有资格qualified adj.有资格的
11.ignore v.忽视ignorance n.无知ignorant adj.无知的ignored adj.被忽视的
中考资源
13.significance n.重要性significant adj.重要的
14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的strength n.力气strengthen v.强化
15.decorate v.装饰，装潢decoration n.装饰，装潢
16.permit v.允许permission n.允许
17.surround v.环绕surroundings n.环境surrounded adj. 被环绕的surrounding
adj.周围的，附近的
Section B
一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）
1. As we know, taking positive attitudes towards life is (有益的）to our bodies and minds.
2.As is well known,many (致命的）accidents result from carelessness and irresponsibility
3.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant(不情愿的）to invest in (足够的）training for his staff.
4.Official reports suggest that the number of （家庭）living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in2013.
5.While high school does not generally encourage students to (探索) new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.
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6.For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for (生存）is having someone
nearby step in and do CPR quickly .
7.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted
two (实验）.
8.Conventional (智慧）has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand.
9. He had intended to go to Beijing today, but he (延迟）the trip when he heard that there would be a downpour at noon.
10.The musician (指挥）his last concert shortly before his death.
11. According to our rules, smoking is not p______in our office.
12. The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in (科学的）research.
13. Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and (无知的）.
14.Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he (出版）his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
15.The volunteers' primary (责任）is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.
16. In our country, everyone has the right and (自由）to express his thoughts and ideas.
17.In traditional Chinese culture, (婚姻) decisions were made by parents for
their children.
【参考答案】beneficial; deadly; sufficient; households; explore
survival; trials; wisdom; postponed; conducted; permitted;
scientific; ignorant; published; responsibility ; freedom; marriage
二、单句语法填空
1 . - Would you permit me here ?
-Sorry, we don't permit in the library. (smoke)
2 . Your dad will go bananas if he knows you often drive his car without (permit)
3. I take for granted that you have already check the answer.
4.(2019·北京语法填空改编）No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
5. The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them preparing them.
东方爱婴早教中心ceremony organized even if the time was so limited.
6 . A large number of people have sent off ( apply ) for the job . Some of the ______
( apply ) may be disappointed because only one third applying to be employed.
7.(2020·全国I卷语法填空改编）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山）,more so than the familiar near side.
8. I always dream of having a house______by trees, flowers and grass . If I can live in such beautiful , I mus feel happy every day. As we know, the things can always have an effect on our mood.(surround)
9. I'm not going there again-they charged me $ 10_____a cup of coffee!